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一分钟学写作|《The Elements of Style》惯用法的基本规则(11)


第一章

惯用法的基本规则(11)

规则十一

位于句首的分词短语

必须与句子的主语相关

Walking slowly down the road,he saw a woman accompanied by two children.

他沿路漫步时,看见一位妇女由两个孩子陪伴着。

walking这个分词和句子的主语he相关

,而与woman 无关。

如果写作者想使walking 和woman相关,

则必须改写如下:

He saw a woman,accompanied by two children,walking slowly down the road。

他看见一位妇女由两个孩子陪伴着沿路漫步。

连词后的分词(短语)或介词后的动名词(短语),作同位语用的名词(短语),形容词和形容词短语,它们位于句首时,也要遵循上述规则。例如;

On arriving in Chicago, his friends met him at the station.

On arriving in Chicago,he was met at the station by his friends.

他一到芝加哥,就由朋友们在车站迎接。

A soldier of proved valor, they entrusted him with the defense of the city.

A soldier of proved valor,he was entrusted with the defense of the city.

他是一名久经考验的

勇士,受命保卫该城。